TruActive™ Benefits for Sports Nutrition

Introduction

TruActive™ MPC 85 contains more immune active proteins than any other food ingredient available today. These proteins provide a wide array of health related effects, and the literature below details benefits specific to athletic performance, recovery and immune health. While most of these studies utilized extracted compounds, TruActive™ MPC 85 contains significant quantities of each of these immune active proteins.

Improved athletic performance:

• Cyclists who supplemented their diet with a milk product rich in immunoglobulins (such is IgA, IgM, IgG), lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase, improved their performance and reduced their fatigue levels during high intensity training [1].
• Supplementation with a milk product rich in immunoglobulins (such is IgA, IgM, IgG), lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase significantly improved peak anaerobic power in male subjects undergoing resistance and plyometric training [2].

Enhanced recovery:

• Enhanced recovery of muscle force-generating capacity following eccentric exercise was shown following supplementation with a milk product containing high amounts of immunoglobulins such as those found in milk [3].
• Oral supplementation of immunoglobulins have been shown to decrease perceived delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) coincidentally with the decrease in the muscle damage marker creatine kinase (CK) [4], and decrease in TNF-alpha, another marker which is elevated from muscle damage [5].

Effects on musculoskeletal stress:

• Exercise, especially high intensity or resistance training, imparts large demands on the musculoskeletal system of the body. The protein osteopontin, an abundant protein in the bone matrix which is required for the proper transduction of mechanical stress on bone [6], has been shown to promote signaling cascades necessary for tissue remodeling and regeneration following injury [7].
• Osteopontin also plays an important role in the effects of unloading-induced alterations of differentiation of bone marrow into osteoblasts and osteoclasts [6]
• Lactoferrin exerts a powerful bone regenerating stimulus to aid the mechanical loading stresses brought on by training by enhancing the differentiation and expression of bone forming cells and inhibiting the bone resorbing cells [8]. 

Influence on body composition:

• Exercise in itself alters body composition though training alone is insufficient for complete changes. Milk proteins such as cathelicidin inhibit the CD36 fat receptor and substantially decrease lipid accumulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes. This results in a reduction of fat mass and hepatic steatosis or fatty liver [9] which offers beneficial effects on athletic performance.
• Oral supplementation with lactoferrin decreased visceral fat accumulation in both men and women without any other dietary or lifestyle changes [10].
• Supplementation with a milk product rich in immunoglobulins (such is IgA, IgM, IgG), lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase in healthy active subjects resulted in increases in lean body mass without increases in fat mass [11].

Boosting suppressed immune function resulting from training:

• With endurance training, there is an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections. The protein cathelicidan is important for enhancing monocyte and macrophage effectiveness in killing microbes to decrease the incidence and severity of upper respiratory infections that commonly affect endurance training athletes [12].
• Aerobic exercise results in oxidant stress-induced inflammation throughout the body including the intestinal lymphocytes in the colon. Lactoferrin, a protein found in milk, protects against this by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules such as TNF-alpha and NF-kB [13]. 

References:

1. Shing, C.M., et al., The influence of bovine colostrum supplementation on exercise performance in highly trained cyclists. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006. 40(9): p. 797-801.
2. BUCKLEY, J., G. BRINKWORTH, and M. ABBOTT, Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I. Journal of sports sciences, 2003. 21(7): p. 577-588.
3. Buckley, J.D., et al., Supplementation with a whey protein hydrolysate enhances recovery of muscle force-generating capacity following eccentric exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2010. 13(1): p. 178-181.
4. Jacobson, B.H., et al., Effect of Oral Immunoglobulins and Cytokine on Serum Creatine Kinase and Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness: 3817 Board# 256 June 4, 9: 30 AM-11: 00 AM. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016. 48(5 Suppl 1): p. 1070.
5. Reuben, S., et al., Intravenous immunoglobulin reduces serum tumor necrosis factor a in patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Neurology India, 2003. 51(4): p. 487-489.
6. Ishijima, M., et al., Osteopontin is required for mechanical stress-dependent signals to bone marrow cells. Journal of Endocrinology, 2007. 193(2): p. 235-243.
7. Uaesoontrachoon, K., et al., Osteopontin deficiency delays inflammatory infiltration and the onset of muscle regeneration in a mouse model of muscle injury. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 2013. 6(1): p. 197-205.
8. Gao, R., et al., Local Application of Lactoferrin Promotes Bone Regeneration In a Rat Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect Model As Demonstrated by Micro-CT And Histological Analysis. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2016: p. n/a-n/a.
9. Tran, D.H.-Y., et al., Cathelicidin suppresses lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis by inhibition of the CD36 receptor. International journal of obesity (2005), 2016. 40(9): p. 1424-1434.
10. Ono, T., et al., Potent anti-obesity effect of enteric-coated lactoferrin: decrease in visceral fat accumulation in Japanese men and women with abdominal obesity after 8-week administration of enteric-coated lactoferrin tablets. British Journal of Nutrition, 2010. 104(11): p. 1688-1695.
11. Antonio, J., M.S. Sanders, and D. Van Gammeren, The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in active men and women1. Nutrition, 2001. 17(3): p. 243-247.
12. He, C.-S., et al. Influence of Vitamin D Status on Respiratory Infection Incidence and Immune Function During 4 Months of Winter Training in Endurance Sport Athletes. in International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings. 2014.
13. Spagnuolo, P.A. and L. Hoffman-Goetz, Lactoferrin effect on lymphocyte cytokines and apoptosis is independent of exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2008. 40(6): p. 1013-1021.